The Must-See FAQs for CNC Machines In 2023

Regular router bits are used for carving and cutting in CNC routers, while some special router bits can be used in CNC milling machines to mill metal molds, CNC drilling machines to drill holes, and CNC machining centers to cut wood and metal with automatic tool changer, but the standard router bits cannot be used for CNC lathes instead of turning tools.

Router Bits

What is a Router Bit?

A router bit is a tool used for flat carving, relief carving, cutting, grooving and drilling. It is fixed on the CNC router spindle with the tool holder, and moves along the tool path according to the G-code command issued by the CNC controller, and the substrate will be carved with patterns or cut into shapes.

The cutting speed of the CNC router is very important, while the router bit maker and model also affects the machining quality and efficiency. How to choose the right router bits for your CNC machine?

How Many Type of Router Bits?

At present, the most common standard router bits in the market include straight cutting bits, rabbeting bits, V-groove cutting bits, flush trimming bits, core cutting box bits, edge cutting bits, cove cutting bits, rounding-over bits, chamfer cutting bits, and specialist router bits.

A problem that must be faced when making a tool path is the selection of the router bit. The edge angle and edge width of the tool have a great influence on the machining accuracy and speed. If the edge angle and edge width of the tool are large, the cutting speed will be fast, but the resulting graphics may not be fine. If the blade angle and blade width of the tool are small, the cutting speed will be slow, but the graphics will be very fine, and the durability of the tool will be relatively poor. Therefore, the path should be grasped as much as possible, and the most suitable tool should be selected. In actual working, the relationship between machining quality and efficiency should be fully considered, and methods such as rough router bit, fine router bit and 3D router bit should be flexibly applied. Small tools should be used for fine machining, and the setting of the overlap ratio of the tools is also important. Therefore, the accurate use of the tool in the actual cutting process is the key to success.

How to Use Router Bits in a CNC machine?

Different materials use different tools. Here I will introduce you what types of router bits you should use for specific materials:

• Acrylic cutting is recommended to use a single-edged spiral router bit, which is characterized by smokeless and tasteless processing, high speed, high efficiency, no sticky chips, and truly environmentally friendly. Its special manufacturing process ensures that the acrylic will not burst with smooth surface and cutting edge. The machined surface needs to achieve a frosted effect, and it is recommended to use a double-edged three-edged spiral tool.

• MDF cutting is recommended to use a double-edged large chip removal spiral router bit. It has two high-capacity chip removal grooves and a double-edged design. Good tool balance, no blackening, no cap smoke, and long service life when processing medium and high density boards.

• Aluminum sheet cutting is recommended to use a single-edged special aluminum milling cutter. No sticking to the router bit during cutting with high speed and high efficiency.

• Precision small relief carving is recommended to use a round-bottomed carving router bit.

• Cork, MDF, virgin wood, PVC, acrylic large-scale deep relief carving is recommended to use a single-edged helical ball end router bit.

• Upper and lower burr-free cutting is recommended to use single-edged, double-edged up and down router bits.

• Metal carving is recommended to use a single-edged, double-edged straight-grooved flat-bottomed router bit.

• 3D router bit has high concentricity and sharp edge, which is used for precise 3D carving.

• High-density board and solid wood is recommended to use edge-tooth router bit.

• Multi-layer board and splint machining is recommended to use double-edged straight groove router bit.

• Lower cutter will make the upper surface no burrs, and there is no rocker during machining.

• Tungsten steel milling cutters are recommended for metal mold making, and the surface is plated with purple black and hardened titanium.

• Multi-stripe router bits is used for roughing particleboard.

• Diamond router bits are used for acrylic mirror carving.

Turning Tools

The turning tool is the most widely used single-edged tool. It is also the basis for learning and analyzing various types of tools. Turning tools are used on various lathes to process outer circles, inner holes, end faces, threads, turning grooves. According to the structure, turning tools can be divided into integral turning tools, welding turning tools, machine-clamping turning tools, indexable turning tools and forming turning tools. Among them, the application of indexable turning tools is increasingly widespread, and the proportion of turning tools is gradually increasing.

The turning tool is a single-blade tool, and there are many types due to the different shapes of the turning work piece, but the names and functions of its parts are the same. A good turning tool must have two major parts: a rigid handle and a sharp blade. The blade angle of the turning tool directly affects the turning effect. Different turning tool materials and work piece materials, and the angle of the blade are also different. The turning tool for lathe has four important angles, namely front clearance angle, side clearance angle, back bevel angle and side bevel angle.

Milling Cutters

A milling cutter is an important part of a CNC mill. A milling cutter is a rotary tool with one or more teeth to mill. During milling, each tooth intermittently cuts through the rest of the work piece. Milling cutters are used to mill planes, steps, grooves, forming surfaces, and cutting work pieces.

During a typical milling operation, the tool in a CNC milling machine moves perpendicular to its own axis, allowing it to remove excess material from the work piece around the tool's periphery. A CNC mill is a versatile machine on which a variety of machining operations can be performed. CNC mills are used to machine and manufacture parts of various shapes and sizes. A milling cutter is an essential tool for these tasks.

In order to make milling a universal machining process, there are a variety of milling cutters available in the market. These milling cutters are manufactured in a variety of sizes, shapes and materials. Some milling cutters are made of high speed steel (HSS), while others have carbide tips.

The most common milling cutters include end mills, rough mills, peripheral mills, side mills, face mills, concave mills, thread mills, ball end mills, and flying cutters.

The choice of tool diameter varies widely by product and production batch. The choice of tool diameter mainly depends on the specifications of the equipment and the machining size of the work piece.

For fine finishing, the best option is to use a ground blade. This kind of insert has better dimensional accuracy, so milling is a high positioning accuracy of the cutting edge, and better machining accuracy and surface roughness can be obtained.

For rough machining, it is better to use pressed inserts, which can reduce machining costs.

The dimensional accuracy and sharpness of the pressed blade are worse than that of the ground blade, but the edge strength of the pressed blade is better, it is resistant to impact during rough machining, and can withstand large depths of cut and large feeds.

The sharp, large rake angle inserts can be used for milling sticky materials such as stainless steel. Through the cutting action of the sharp blade, the friction between the blade and the substrate is reduced, and the chips can leave the front end of the blade faster.

Whether choosing a milling cutter on a CNC mill or an ordinary milling machine, we must comprehensively consider the material and hardness of the milling, and the specifications of the milling cutter such as blade length, blade length, blade diameter, and shank diameter. High-speed steel milling cutters are usually suitable for ordinary milling machines, while CNC mills prefer carbide tools.

Things To Consider

• The selection of the router bit requires the appropriate size of the tool collet. The collet has a cross section, the inner hole is not deformed enough to be round, the collet is worn for a long time, and the inner hole has a taper. It is easy to cause the tool handle to vibrate.

• The tool holder should match the collet and be able to enter and exit the collet compliantly. The tool holder should be able to be firmly put into the collet and tightened. If the tool collet has been used for too long, the inner hole is deformed, and a new one should be replaced immediately.

• Always check the toughness and sharpness of the tools. If you find that the tools are blunt or the edges are damaged, you should replace them immediately.

• CNC router bit requires that the thickness of the substrate cannot exceed the maximum cutting thickness of the tool, otherwise the tool will be broken or the cutting effect will be unsatisfactory.

• For carving and cutting of different materials, different tools should be selected and the cutting and carving speed should be modified reasonably.

• During the working process of the CNC router, the high-speed rotating tool is very sharp. It is necessary to pay attention that the body should not be close to the router bit as much as possible, especially to try not to wear too wide overalls. Women should bandage their hair to prevent accidents.

• The working speed of the CNC router bit should be balanced, and the cutting speed should be kept as consistent as possible.

• It is best to use professional cleaners for cleaning tools.

• When the router bit is not in use, apply butter to prevent the tool from rusting.

• Do not sharpen or change the shape of the blade by yourself.

Laser engraving or laser cutting is to converge the laser beam into a small spot through a focusing mirror and project it onto the surface of an object. The focal point reaches a high power density. At this time, the irradiated part of the material is quickly heated and vaporized, and the laser beam and the material move relatively linearly, so as to realize laser engraving cutting plans.

When the laser engraving machine or laser cutting machine is working for a long time, the optical path will deviate, which will affect the cutting effect. Only the perfect cooperation of laser tube, reflecting mirror frame (A, B, C), focusing lens and corresponding adjustment device can achieve the best effect and process the best projects. This is the core part of using CO2 laser machine. Therefore, it is very necessary to check the laser beam path and adjust it regularly.

8 Steps to Adjust and Align CO2 Laser Beam Path:

1. Turn on the air pump, the air flow is discharged under the trolley, and the wires on the X and Y axis drives of the right control box are pulled away.

2. Turn on the machine switch, the LCD display on the operation panel shows "The system is starting, please wait ..." At this time, the machine is in the reset state, wait for about half a minute, then the LCD displays: File name: AAA Processing speed 100% processing Power: 100/100% Processing quantity 1 Delete. At this time, the machine is in the initial online state.

3. Stick a round cardboard larger than the lens in front of the first reflective lens and the second reflective lens.

4. Put a large cardboard in front of the laser head of the tube, press the fire button on the operation panel, the laser tube emits light, and adjust the laser to the first reflection by adjusting the front and rear positions of the laser tube bracket and the thickness of the rubber under the tube The middle of the lens.

5. Adjust the laser to the middle of the second reflective lens by adjusting the three screw shafts behind the first reflective lens. When adjusting the second reflective lens, the X-axis beam should be moved to the front and back, the point where the laser hits Be completely coincident.

6. Adjust the laser to the hole on the left side of the laser head by adjusting the three screw shafts behind the second reflective lens. When the laser head moves to the four corners of the worktable, the laser must hit the middle of the hole.

7. Focus adjustment.

Focal length refers to the distance (4-4.2mm) between the top of the cone head under the laser head and the surface of the material.

8. By adjusting the tightness of the three screws on the mirror above the laser head, the laser can be adjusted to the vertical angle to ensure the verticality of the cutting surface when cutting.

STYLECNC is a self-owned brand of Jinan Style Machinery Co.,Ltd. As a leading enterprise of intelligent manufacturing in China, we are constantly innovating and developing over 15 years, our efforts bring us stable customers from home and abroad, you can find STYLECNC products in over 150 countries from Europe, Africa, Mid east, America, Oceania and Southeast Asia, which drive us to be a worldwide CNC machine brand.

Jinan Style Machinery Co.,Ltd was founded in 2003, which is an enterprise with core technology and independent intellectual property rights, we are committed to the development and manufacture of CNC machines.

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1. When laser engraving with gradient, double phenomenon.

This phenomenon occurs when the slope of words carved smaller, usually the reason is "wide" setting slope too large, cause calculation errors, please set "wide" little slope. 

2. If you only can move a graphic with one direction, please click "Shift" or "Ctrl" to recover. 

3. PLT format cannot to engrave.

There are two reasons, one is the graphic is not closed, the other is graphic double. Please detect this phenomenon with "data detect" tools.

4. The size is not same with laser engraving and cutting samples. Open the item "laser engraving machine set", adjust the pulse.

5. The edge is irregularity when laser engraving.

The edge is irregularity maybe happen when you use the DSP laser engraver software, that means "burr", this is mainly caused by mechanical return clearance, this is the solution.

a. Draw a box (rectangular or square), set work mode for the laser engraving machine, the sculpture is 0.5 mm instead, then see laser engraving effect, theoretically, should be aligned, namely the odd interlaces did edge should be aligned, even did edge also should be aligned, only the odd and even did not have a little. 

b. When you open "set laser engraving parameters", the parameters for different. laser engraving speed can be seen, the reverse gap is "0", you should adjust it as the matter of fact. 

c. You can choose "single-track light" when best laser engraving effect needed. Not to chose the draw of "dual-engrave", but when you chose it, the efficiency would be lower. 

6. The X-axis or the Y-axis not move.

a. Stir knob to chose the DC 5V, test the voltage between PULX（or PULY）and GND. Take Y axis as example, click the button of "up" or "down", the normal voltage is 2.8V, if it is not, we could confirm the controller was broken, please change the controller. If it is, please go to next step. 

b. Exchange the output terminal of the two drivers, then press "Up" or "Down" button; if X axis works normal, it means there is something wrong with the motor on Y axis, please change a new one; if X axis doesn't work, it means there is something wrong with the driver on Y axis, please chance it.

7. X Axis and Y Axis work in only one direction.

a. Test the voltage between the DIRX and GND after pressed the  multimeter into grade 5V; take the X Axis for example, press "left", then press "right" to see if there is some change on high level (>2.8V) and the low level(<0.8V); if not, the control card is broken and need to change a new one.

b. If with change, please check the driver; if works normal, please change the driver on Y Axis.

8. NO Ray.

Test the voltage between the LAS and GND after pressed the  multimeter into grade 5V; press "fixed fire" in the control panel, to see if there is some change on high level (>2.8V) and the low level(<0.8V); if not, the control card is broken and need to change a new one. Also set up the time of fixed fir as 0 millisecond, which is in the PAD03 menu.  

Adjust the power from 0%~100%, enter and press "fixed fire" button, then test if any change between the DA1 and GND from 0V to 5V; if not, the control card is broken, please change it; if both with, it means there is something wrong with the laser power supply.  

1. CNC router spindle rotation sound is not normal

a. The drive is set incorrectly.

b. Check whether the cooling water circulation.

c. There are problems with the spindle (bearing damage).

d. If the noise when loaded knife, normal, replace the tool without tooling.

2. CNC router spindle hot or noisy:

a. Check whether the cooling water circulation.

b. Check whether the bearing problem.

c. If loaded knife noise, without tooling normal, replace the tool.

3. CNC router spindle cooling water does not flow:

a. Check the coolant pump is working properly.

b. Check whether the water flow, the water from the spindle joint apart, blowing to the other side of the steam gun from one side or the connector on the spindle with a needle penetrating.

4. Motor reversal: 

Check the motor cable is phase output UVW terminal ends of any exchange.

1. The machine and the computer must have a good grounding.

2. Open the cutting software, click the file menu, communication settings to receive and send the buffer time is changed to 5 or 10.

3. The replacement of the data line or motherboard.

According to the same direction of the panel button, the laser cutting machine appears to be turning and reversing and motor power can not be locked.

1. First disconnect all power supply, the high pressure head with cotton cloth to wipe clean. (gentle scrub)

2. Cut off the broken pipe, re received the laser tube. And bundled with a tie.

3. The high voltage line (high pressure line with 7 silver thread, one less).

4. The fan will dry high pressure wet place, after half an hour, and then boot.

1. Roughness

Laser cutting cross section will form a vertical lines, the depth of the texture of the cut surface of the roughness of the cut surface, the more shallow lines, the more smooth cut section. Roughness not only affects the appearance of the edges, but also affect the friction characteristics, in most cases, it is necessary to minimize the roughness, so the more shallow texture, the higher the quality of the cut.

2. Verticality

If the sheet thickness exceeds 10mm, the verticality of cutting edge is very important. Away from the focus, the laser beam becomes divergent, according to the location of the focus, cutting to the top or bottom of the variable width. Cutting edge off the vertical line of a few millimeters, the edge of the more vertical, the higher the quality of cutting.

3. Cutting width

Kerf width generally does not affect the cutting quality, only in the internal components formed special precision contour, cutting width is important. This is because the cutting width determines the contour of the minimum, when the plate thickness increases, the cutting width also increases. So want to guarantee the same high precision, no matter how much the width of the cut, the workpiece in the laser cutting machine processing area should be constant.

4. Lines

High speed cutting thick plate, the molten metal will not appear in the vertical laser beam below the incision, but will be sprayed out at the laser beam side. As a result, the curved lines are formed on the cutting edge, and the lines are closely followed by the laser beam. In order to correct the problem, the feed rate can be reduced at the end of the cutting process.

5. Burr

Burr formation is a very important factor to determine the quality of laser cutting, because the removal of burr need extra work, so the amount of burr is serious and how much is able to directly determine the quality of cutting.

6. Material Deposition

Laser cutting machine before the beginning of melting and perforation of the workpiece surface with a layer of oil on the surface of a special liquid. Gasification and all kinds of materials, the material does not need to use the wind to blow the cut, but the upward or downward discharge also can form the deposition on the surface.

7. Sag and Corrosion

Sag and corrosion have adverse effects on the surface of the cutting edge, affecting the appearance. They appear in the error of the cut which is generally supposed to be avoided.

8. Heat Affected Zone

In laser cutting, the area near the notch is heated. At the same time, the structure of the metal changes. For example, some of the metals can be hardened. The heat affected zone refers to the depth of the area that is changed by the internal structure.

9. Deformation

If the cutting makes the component heat, it will deform. This is particularly important in fine processing, because the profile and connecting pieces are usually only a few millimeters wide. Control of laser power and the use of short laser pulses can reduce the parts to become hot, to avoid deformation.

Concept

NC (Numerical Control)

NC is a technology that uses digital signals to automatically control objects (such as the motion of the machine tool and its working process), referred to as numerical control.

NC Technology

NC technology refers to the automatic control technology that uses numbers, letters and symbols to program a certain working process.

NC System

NC system refers to the organic integrated system of software and hardware modules that realize the functions of NC technology. It is the carrier of NC technology.

CNC System (Computer Numerical Control System)

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) system refers to the numerical control system with computer as the core.

CNC Machines

CNC machine refers to a machine tool that uses Computerized Numerical Control technology to control the machining process, or a machine tool equipped with a Computerized Numerical Control system.

NC Definition

Numerical Control is the full form of NC for machine tools. Numerical Control (NC) enables an operator to communicate with machine tools through numbers and symbols.

CNC Definition

CNC is the short name of Computer Numerical Control, which is an automatic technology of controlling machine tools to complete automated machining with CAD/CAM software in modern manufacturing process. New machine tools with CNC have enabled industry to consistently produce parts to accuracies undreamed of only a few years ago. The same part can be reproduced to the same degree of accuracy any number of times if the program has been properly prepared and the computer properly programmed. The operating G-code commands which control the machine tool are executed automatically with high speed, accuracy, efficiency, and repeatability.

CNC machining is a computerized manufacturing process, the machine is connected to a computer, the computer will tell it where to move. First, the operator should do the toolpath creation, the operator uses a software program to draw the shapes and create the tool path that the machine will follow.

The ever-increasing use in industry has created a need for personnel who are knowledgeable about and capable of preparing the programs which guide the machine tools to produce parts to the required shape and accuracy. With this in mind, the authors have prepared this textbook to take the mystery out of CNC - to put it into a logical sequence and express it in simple language that everyone can understand. The preparation of a program is explained in a logical step-by-step procedure, with practical examples to guide the user.

Component

CNC technology consists of three parts: bed frame, system and peripheral technology.

The frame kit is mainly composed of basic parts such as bed, column, guide rail, working table and other supporting parts such as tool holder and tool magazine.

The numerical control system is composed of input/output equipment, computer numerical control device, Programmable Logic Control (PLC), spindle servo drive device, feed servo drive device and measuring device. Among them, the device is the core of the numerical control system.

Peripheral technology mainly includes tool technology (tool system), programming technology, and management technology.

Glossary

CNC: Computer Numerical Control.

G-Code: A universal numerical control (NC) machine tool language that specifies axis points to which the machine will move.

CAD: Computer Aided Design.

CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing.

Grid: The minimum movement, or feed of the spindle. The spindle automatically moves to next grid position when button is toggled in continuous or step mode.

PLT (HPGL): Standard language for printing vector-based line drawings, supported by CAD files.

Toolpath: User-defined, coded route which the cutter follows to machine the workpiece. A “pocket” toolpath cuts the surface of the workpiece; a “profile” or “contour” toolpath cuts completely through to separate the workpiece shape.

Step Down: Distance in Z-axis that the cutting tool plunges into the material.

Step Over: Maximum distance in X or Y axis that cutting tool will engage with uncut material.

Stepper Motor: A DC motor that moves in discrete steps by receiving signals, or “pulses” in a particular sequence, thus resulting in very precise positioning and speed control.

Spindle Speed: Rotational speed of cutting tool (RPM).

Conventional Cut: Cutter rotates against direction of feed. Results in minimal chatter but can lead to tearout in certain woods.

Subtractive Method: The bit removes material to create shapes. (Opposite of additive method.)

Feed Rate: Speed at which the cutting tool moves through the workpiece.

Home Position (Machine Zero): Machine-designated zero point determined by physical limit switches. (It does not identify actual work origin when processing a workpiece.)

Climb Cut: Cutter rotates with direction of feed. Climb cutting prevents tearout, but can lead to chatter marks with a straight-fluted bit; a spiral-fluted bit will reduce chatter.

Work Origin (Work Zero): The user-designated zero point for the workpiece, from which the head will perform all it's cutting. X, Y and Z axes are set to zero.

LCD: Liquid Crystal Display (used on the controller).

U Disk: External data storage device that is inserted into a USB interface.

Features

High Accuracy

CNC machines are highly integrated mechatronic products, which are composed of precision machinery and automatic control systems. They have high positioning accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy. The transmission system and the structure have high rigidity and stability to reduce errors. Therefore, Computerized Numerical Control machine has higher machining accuracy, especially the consistency of parts manufacturing in the same batch, and the product quality is stable, the pass rate is high, which is incomparable with ordinary machine tools.

High Efficiency

CNC machines can use a larger amount of cutting, which effectively saves processing time. They also have automatic speed change, automatic tool change and other automatic operation functions, which greatly shorten the auxiliary time, and once a stable processing process is formed, there is no need to perform inter-process inspection and measurement. Therefore, the productivity of Computerized Numerical Control machining is 3-4 times higher than that of ordinary machine tools, or even more.

High Adaptability

CNC machines perform automatic processing according to the program of the processed parts. When the machining object changes, as long as the program is changed, there is no need to use special process equipment such as masters and templates. This is helpful to shorten the production preparation cycle and promote product replacement.

High Machinability

Some mechanical parts formed by complex curves and curved surfaces are difficult to process or even impossible to complete with conventional techniques and manual operations, and can be easily realized by CNC machines using multi-coordinate axes linkage.

High Economic Value

CNC machining centers mostly use process concentration, and one machine is multi-purpose. In the case of one clamping, most parts of the parts can be processed. They can replace several ordinary machine tools. This can not only reduce clamping errors, save auxiliary time between transportation, measurement, and clamping between processes, but also reduce the types of machine tools, save space, and bring higher economic benefits.

Pros & Cons

Pros

Safety

The operator of the CNC machine is safely separated from all sharp parts by a special protective structure. He can still see what's going on at the machine through the glass, but he doesn't need to go anywhere near the mill or spindle. The operator also does not have to touch the coolant. Depending on the material, some liquids may be harmful to human skin.

Save Labor Costs

Today, conventional machine tools require constant attention. This means that each worker can only work on one machine. When the CNC era came, things changed dramatically. Most parts take at least half an hour to process each time they are installed. But computer numerical controlled machines do it by cutting the parts themselves. No need to touch anything. The tool moves automatically, and the operator simply checks for errors in the program or settings. Having said that, CNC operators find they have a lot of free time. This time can be used for other machines. So one operator, many machine tools. This means you can save manpower.

Minimum Setting Error

Traditional machine tools rely on the operator's proficiency with measuring tools, and good workers can ensure parts are assembled with high precision. Many CNC systems use specialized coordinate measurement probes. It is usually mounted on the spindle as a tool and the fixed part is touched with a probe to determine its position. Then, determine the zero point of the coordinate system to minimize the setup error.

Excellent Machine Condition Monitoring

The operator must identify machining faults and cutting tools, and his decisions may not be optimal. Modern CNC machining centers are packed with different sensors. You can monitor torque, temperature, tool life and other factors while machining your workpiece. Based on this information, you can refine the process in real time. For example, you see that the temperature is too high. Higher temperatures mean tool wear, poor metal properties, etc. You can reduce the feed or increase the coolant pressure to fix this. Despite what many say, machining is the most widespread manufacturing method today. Every industry uses machining to some degree.

Stable Accuracy

What's more stable than a proven computer program? The movement of the instrument is always the same because its accuracy depends only on the accuracy of the stepper motors.

Fewer Test Runs

Traditional machining inevitably has some test parts. The worker has to get used to the technology, he will definitely miss something when doing the first part and testing the new technology. CNC systems have a way to avoid test runs. They employ a visualization system that allows the operator to actually see the inventory after all the tools have passed through.

Easy Machining Complex Surface

Manufacturing complex surfaces with high precision is nearly impossible with conventional machining. It requires a lot of physical labor. CAM systems can automatically form toolpaths for any surface. You don't have to put in any effort at all. This is one of the greatest advantages of modern CNC machining technology.

Higher Cutting Data

High-speed machining is only possible due to the closed cutting area. At this speed, the chip flies all over the place at high speed. There is a coolant spray after the chips, because when it comes to high-speed machining, the coolant is applied under high pressure. Manual operation is simply not possible when the speed reaches 10000 rpm or more. With high cutting speeds, it is important to keep the feed rate and chip width stable to prevent vibration. It can't be hard to do it manually.

Higher Flexibility

The traditional method is that milling machines for grooves or flats, lathes for cylinders and tapers, and drilling machines for holes. CNC machining can combine all of the above into one machine tool. Since tool trajectories can be programmed, you can replicate any motion on any machine. So we have milling centers that can make cylindrical parts and lathes that can mill grooves. All of this reduces the set-up of the part.

Cons

High technical requirements for operators and machine maintenance personnel;

Computer numerical control system is not easy to control, not as intuitive as ordinary machine tools;

The purchase cost of the machine tool is more expensive.

Applications

From the perspective of CNC technology and equipment applications in the world, its main application areas are as follows:

Manufacturing Industry

The machinery manufacturing industry is the earliest industry to apply Computerized Numerical Control technology, and it is responsible for providing advanced equipment for various industries of the national economy. The main applications are the development and manufacturing of five-axis vertical machining centers for modern military equipment, five-axis machining centers, large-scale five-axis gantry milling, flexible manufacturing lines for engines, gearboxes, and crankshafts in the automotive industry, and high-speed machining centers, as well as welding, assembly, painting robots, plate laser welding machines and laser cutting machines, high-speed five-coordinate machining centers for machining propellers, engines, generators and turbine blade parts in the aviation, marine and power generation industries, heavy duty turning and milling complex machining center.

Information Industry

In the information industry, from computer to network, mobile communication, telemetry, remote control and other equipment, it is necessary to adopt manufacturing equipment based on super-precision technology and nanotechnology, such as wire bonding machines for chip manufacturing, wafer lithography machines. The control of these equipment needs to use Computerized Numerical Control technology.

Medical Equipment Industry

In the medical industry, many modern medical diagnosis and treatment equipment have adopted numerical control technology, such as CT diagnostic instruments, whole body treatment machines and minimally invasive surgical robots based on visual guidance, orthodontics and dental restoration in stomatology are required.

Military Equipment

Many modern military equipment use servo motion control technology, such as automatic aiming control of artillery, tracking control of radar and automatic tracking control of missiles.

Other Industries

In the light industry, there are printing machinery, textile machinery, packaging machinery and woodworking machinery that use multi-axis servo control. In the building materials industry, there are computer numerical controlled waterjet cutting machines for stone machining, computer numerical controlled glass engraving machines for glass machining, computer numerical controlled sewing machine used for simmons processing and computer numerical controlled embroidery machine used for clothing processing. In the art industry, more and more crafts and artworks will be produced using high performance 5 axis CNC machines.

The application of numerical control technology not only brings revolutionary changes to the traditional manufacturing industry, making the manufacturing industry a symbol of industrialization, but also with the continuous development of numerical control technology and the expansion of application fields, it has played an increasingly important role in national economy and people's livelihood (e.g. IT and automobile) , light industry, medical treatment, because the digitization of equipment required in these industries has become a major trend in modern manufacturing.

Trends

High Speed / High Precision

High speed and precision are the eternal goals of machine tool development. With the rapid development of science and technology, the speed of replacement of electromechanical products is accelerated, and the requirements for the precision and surface quality of parts processing are also higher and higher. In order to meet the needs of this complex and changeable market, the current machine tools are developing in the direction of high-speed cutting, dry cutting and quasi-dry cutting, and the machining accuracy is constantly improving. In addition, the application of linear motors, electric spindles, ceramic ball bearings, high-speed ball screws and nuts, linear guide rails, and other functional components has also created conditions for the development of high-speed and precision machine tools. The computer numerical control machine tool adopts an electric spindle, which eliminates the links such as belts, pulleys, and gears, which greatly reduces the moment of inertia of the main drive, improves the dynamic response speed and working accuracy of the spindle, and completely solves the problem of vibration and noise when the spindle runs at high speed. The use of electric spindle structure can make the spindle speed reach more than 10000r/min. The linear motor has high drive speed, good acceleration and deceleration characteristics, and has excellent response characteristics and following accuracy. The use of linear motor as servo drive eliminates the intermediate transmission link of the ball screw, eliminates the transmission gap (including backlash), the motion inertia is small, the system rigidity is good, and it can be precisely positioned at high speed, thereby greatly improving the Servo accuracy. Due to its zero clearance in all directions and very small rolling friction, the linear rolling guide pair has small wear and negligible heat generation, and has very good thermal stability, which improves the positioning accuracy and repeatability of the whole process. Through the application of linear motor and linear rolling guide pair, the rapid moving speed of the machine can be increased from the original 10-20m/min to 60-80m/min, or even as high as 120m/min.

High Reliability

The reliability is a key indicator of the quality of computer numerical controlled machine tools. Whether the machine can exert its high performance, high precision and high efficiency, and obtain good benefits, the key depends on its reliability.

CNC Machine Design with CAD, Structural Design with Modularization

With the popularization of computer applications and the development of software technology, CAD technology has been widely developed. CAD can not only replace the tedious drawing work by manual work, but more importantly, it can carry out design scheme selection and static and dynamic characteristic analysis, calculation, prediction and optimization design of large-scale complete machine, and can carry out dynamic simulation of each working part of the whole equipment. On the basis of modularity, the three-dimensional geometric model and realistic color of the product can be seen in the design stage. The use of CAD can also greatly improve work efficiency and improve the one-time success rate of design, thereby shortening the trial production cycle, reducing design costs, and improving market competitiveness. The modular design of machine tool components can not only reduce repetitive labor, but also respond quickly to the market and shorten product development and design cycles.

Functional Compounding

The purpose of functional compounding is to further improve the production efficiency of the machine tool and minimize the non-machining auxiliary time. Through the compounding of functions, the use range of the machine tool can be expanded, the efficiency can be improved, and the multi-purpose and multi-function of one machine can be realized, that is, a CNC machine can realize both the turning function and the milling process. Grinding is also possible on machine tools. Computer numerical controlled turning and milling compound center will work with X, Z axes, C and Y axes at the same time. Through the C axis and the Y axis, plane milling and machining of offset holes and grooves can be realized. The machine is also equipped with a powerful tool rest and a sub-spindle. The sub-spindle adopts a built-in electric spindle structure, and the speed synchronization of the main and sub-spindles can be directly realized through the numerical control system. The machine tool workpiece can complete all processing in one clamping, which greatly improves the efficiency.

Intelligent, Networked, Flexible and Integrated

The CNC equipment in the 21st century will be a system with certain intelligence. The content of intelligence includes all aspects of the numerical control system: in order to pursue the intelligence in machining efficiency and machining quality, such as the adaptive control of the machining process, the process parameters are automatically generated; in order to improve the driving performance and use the intelligence in connection, Such as feedforward control, self-adaptive operation of motor parameters, automatic identification of load, automatic model selection, self-tuning, etc.; simplified programming, simplified operation intelligence, such as intelligent automatic programming, intelligent interface, intelligent diagnosis, intelligent monitoring and other aspects to facilitate the diagnosis and maintenance of the system. Networked numerical control equipment is a hot spot in the development of machine tools in recent years. The networking of CNC equipment will greatly meet the needs of production lines, manufacturing systems, and manufacturing enterprises for information integration, and it is also the basic unit for realizing new manufacturing models, such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, and global manufacturing. The development trend of computer numerical controlled machines to flexible automation systems is: from point (stand-alone, machining center and composite machining center), line (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) to surface (independent manufacturing island in workshop, FA), body (CIMS, distributed network integrated manufacturing system), on the other hand to focus on the direction of application and economy. Flexible automation technology is the main means for the manufacturing industry to adapt to dynamic market demands and to rapidly update products. Its focus is to improve the reliability and practicality of the system as the premise, with the goal of easy networking and integration, and pay attention to strengthening the development and improvement of unit technology. CNC stand-alone machines are developing in the direction of high precision, high speed and high flexibility. CNC machines and their constituent flexible manufacturing systems can be easily connected with CAD, CAM, CAPP and MTS, and develop towards information integration. The network system develops in the direction of openness, integration and intelligence.

All the CNC machines can be shipped worldwide by sea, by air or by international express logistics via DHL, FEDEX, UPS. You are welcome to get a free quotation by filling up the form with name, email, detailed address, product and requirements, we will shortly contact you with the full information including the most suitable delivery method (fast, secure, discreet) and freight.

A CNC machine firstly should be packaged well in a free-fumigation wooden crate. Usually, we deliver the CNC machine by ship, sometimes, as customer's requirements, we can also deliver by air or by train. When the CNC machine arrived at your sea port or destination, you can pick up with the bill of lading we offered. We can also arrange the cargo agent to send to your door.